ion, cation and anion with example

Ion

• An ion is an electrically charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses one or more electrons. This results in an imbalance between the number of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged) in the atom.

Cation

• A cation is a type of ion that has a positive charge. Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, leaving behind more protons than electrons.

Anion

• An anion is a type of ion that has a negative charge. Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons.

Examples

1. Sodium Ion (Cation):

   • Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons and 11 protons in its neutral state. When sodium loses one electron, it becomes a sodium cation (Na+).
   • Neutral Sodium (Na): 11 electrons (e-) and 11 protons (p+).
   • Sodium Cation (Na+): 10 electrons (e-) and 11 protons (p+).

2. Chloride Ion (Anion):

   • Chlorine (Cl) has 17 electrons and 17 protons in its neutral state. When chlorine gains one electron, it becomes a chloride anion (Cl-).
   • Neutral Chlorine (Cl): 17 electrons (e-) and 17 protons (p+).
   • Chloride Anion (Cl-): 18 electrons (e-) and 17 protons (p+).

3. Hydrogen Ion (Cation):

   • A hydrogen ion (H+) is a cation formed when a hydrogen atom loses its only electron.
   • Neutral Hydrogen (H): 1 electron (e-) and 1 proton (p+).
   • Hydrogen Cation (H+): 0 electrons (e-) and 1 proton (p+).

4. Oxide Ion (Anion):

   • An oxide ion (O2-) is an anion formed when oxygen (O) gains two electrons.
   • Neutral Oxygen (O): 8 electrons (e-) and 8 protons (p+).
   • Oxide Anion (O2-): 10 electrons (e-) and 8 protons (p+).