How the mobile phone charger works
The voltage at your home's electrical outlets is typically 240 volts (or 120 volts in some regions like North America) and is provided by the electrical grid. When you charge your mobile phone, the voltage from your home's electrical outlet is higher than the voltage required to charge the phone's battery. However, the charging process involves the use of a charger (or adapter) that contains circuitry to manage and control the voltage supplied to your phone.
How it works?
-
Charger Circuitry: The charger (adapter) you use with your mobile phone contains circuitry that transforms and regulates the voltage supplied by the electrical outlet. This circuitry can reduce the high voltage from the outlet to the lower voltage needed to charge the phone's battery safely.
-
Transformer: The charger typically contains a transformer that reduces the voltage. For example, it might transform 240 volts from the outlet to a much lower voltage, such as 5 volts.
-
Voltage Regulation: In addition to reducing the voltage, the charger circuitry also includes voltage regulation to ensure that the output voltage remains stable and within the safe operating range for your phone. This helps prevent overcharging and other potential issues.
-
USB Connection: Most modern mobile phones use a USB connection for charging. USB specifications specify a standard voltage of 5 volts for charging electronic devices, including mobile phones. The charger adapts the voltage accordingly.
-
Phone Compatibility: Mobile phones are designed to work with the 5-volt charging voltage provided by standard USB chargers. This voltage is compatible with the phone's internal battery and charging circuitry.
So, while the voltage at your home's electrical outlet may be much higher (e.g., 240 volts), the charger serves as an intermediary device that transforms and regulates the voltage to a safe and suitable level for charging your mobile phone's battery.