Avocado diseases and solutions

In this blog, we will delve into common avocado diseases, their underlying causes (bacteria, virus, or fungus), and proven solutions to safeguard your avocado orchard.

Deciphering Avocado Diseases: Causes and Solutions

1. Phytophthora Root Rot:

• Cause: Fungus (Phytophthora spp.)
• Symptoms: Yellowing leaves, wilting, and tree decline.
• Solution: Improve drainage, moderate watering, and use phosphite-based fungicides.

2. Anthracnose:

• Cause: Fungus (Colletotrichum spp.)
• Symptoms: Dark, sunken lesions on fruit, leaves, and stems.
• Solution: Prune affected parts, maintain proper spacing for ventilation, and employ copper-based fungicides.

3. Avocado Sunblotch Viroid (ASBVd):

• Cause: Viroid (ASBVd)
• Symptoms: Yellow streaks or blotches on leaves, stunted growth.
• Solution: No cure; remove and destroy infected trees to prevent spread.

4. Avocado Black Streak (ABS) and Isolate Canker:

• Cause: Bacteria (Xanthomonas spp.)
• Symptoms: Dark streaks or cankers on stems and branches.
• Solution: Prune infected areas, ensure proper hygiene, and avoid wounding during pruning.

5. Powdery Mildew:

• Cause: Fungus (Oidium spp.)
• Symptoms: White powdery growth on leaves.
• Solution: Improve air circulation, trim dense foliage, and apply sulfur-based fungicides.

6. Root Rot Complex:

• Cause: Fungus (Various pathogens)
• Symptoms: Yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth.
• Solution: Choose well-draining soil, regulate watering, and maintain root health.

7. Avocado Scab:

• Cause: Fungus (Sphaceloma perseae)
• Symptoms: Raised, scaly lesions on fruit.
• Solution: Prune branches for light exposure, apply fungicides during flowering, and practice good hygiene.

8. Bacterial Canker:

• Cause: Bacteria (Xanthomonas axonopodis)
• Symptoms: Oozing lesions on stems and leaves.
• Solution: Prune and destroy infected parts, sanitize tools, and avoid overhead irrigation.

Effective Prevention and Cultural Practices:

1. Site Selection: Opt for well-draining soil and adequate sunlight during avocado planting.

2. Smart Irrigation: Prevent root diseases by avoiding overwatering and using drip irrigation systems.

3. Hygiene: Regularly clear away fallen leaves and fruit to curb disease spread.

4. Prudent Pruning: Enhance airflow and sunlight penetration by strategic pruning within the canopy.

5. Fungicides: Employ suitable fungicides as a proactive measure or when symptoms appear.

6. Planting Density: Prevent disease transmission through overcrowding by maintaining appropriate spacing.